The purpose of this research was to evaluate two possible indicators of character decoding automaticity for Chinese learners in elementary schools. One of the possible indicators was mean latency of lexical recognition task. The other possible indicator was the slope predicting latency from character complexity on the lexical recognition task. The test-retest method and equivalent-forms method were adopted to evaluate the reliability of the two indicators. The criterion-related coefficient was used to evaluate the validity of the indicators. The results of reliability and validity indicated that the mean latency of lexical recognition task was a good indicator of character decoding automaticity, while the slope relating latency to character complexity on the lexical recognition task was not. This finding should be useful in establishing a computerized assessment system of decoding automaticity for elementary school students in Chinese character recognition.