The purposes of this study are firstly to revise The Bradley and Caldwell Home Observation For Measurement of Envirinment to make it a suitable instrument for studying chinese infants, secondly to investigate the relationship between family background factors and the home environment of the subjects, and thirdly to investigate the relationship between home environment and the cognitive and motor development of infants, The subjects of this study are 600 infants, There are 5 age groups of 2, 6, 12, 18, and 24 month old. Each subject had been given Home Observation For Measurement of Environment and Bayley Infant Scales of Development. The main findings are as the following: 1. The revised Home Observation For Measurement of Environment includes 49 items, They are devided into six subscales as the original scale. The internal consistancy coefficients of the scale are between 0.39 to 0.86. The stability coefficients are from 0.37 to 0.54. 2. Both Father´s and mother´s educational level of the subjects are the most importment factors to relate to their scors of Home Obsvervation for Measurement of Environment. 3. The relationship between home environment and early cognitive and motor devellopment interacts with the age of the subjects. It becomes significgnt around the age of 18-24month. The significant factors are mother´s providing variety of toys and providing opportunities to accept different kinds of stimulus.