The purpose of this study is to investigate the cognitive and affective attitudes of present and future teachers both in elementary and secondary school toward special education and exceptional children. Subjects were 179 students from National Taiwan Normal University and 149 elementary and secondary school teachers who were receiving in-service training in the same university. The Special Education Attitudes Questionnaire constructed by the investigator consisted of 14 cognitive items and 9 affective items. Two main findings of the study are as follows: 1. Most of the subjects who were cultivated by the Chinese culture and who received teacher education revealed attitudes of humanism and role taking toward exceptionalities. 2. Teachers who were qualified, female, experienced with the handicapped and received special education courses possess more positive attitudes toward special education and exceptional children than those who were disqualified, male, inexperienced with the handicapped and without receiving special education courses.