The purposes of this study were mainly two. The first one was to develop a standardized musical aptitude test for identifying musically talented students who can profit most from and contribute most to music activities. The second one was to explore the characteristics of musical aptitude of students. This battery consists of eight subtests: tonal memory, intensity discrimination, tonal movement, rhythm discrimination, pitch discrimination, melodic taste, pitch imagery and rhythm imagery. The samples 4225 in number are drawn from grade 3 to grade 9 from 13 elementary and 13 junior high schools in Taiwan area. The main results of the study were as follows: 1). The mean scores of musical aptitude test increased with age level among chinese school students. 2). There were gradually increasing differences between sexes from 3rd grade to 9th grade on the mean scores of this test. 3). Percentile and T score Norms were found. Data on retest reliabilities, intercorrelations and discriminant validities between the talented students and the normal group were generally satisfactory.