The purpose at this study was to investigate the relationship between the perceived parental attitudes toward child-rearing practices and the personal and social adjustments of elementary school children, Two hundred and seventeen fifth graders from one elementary school in Taipei City were selected as subjects. A Parental Child-rearing Behavior Questionnaire by the writer, the Chinese Revision of the California Test of Personality, and the Test of Parental Attitudes toward Child tearing Practices by P. C. Lai were administered to the subjects in regular class settings. The data obtained were statistically treated by analysis of variance, Scheffé method of multiple comparisons, and multiple linear regression technique. The main findings of the study were as follows: I. The loving dimension of parental child-rearing behavior had more impact than its demanding dimension on the personal and social adjustments of elementary school children. 2. Children of warm-restrictive and warm-permissive parents were better than children of hostile-authoritarian and hostile neglectful parents in their personal and social adjustments. 3. All measures of parental attitudes together significantly accounted for 40% to 60% of the variances in the personal and social adjustments of elementary school children. 4. Girls were more readily influenced by parental attitudes than boys in their personal and social adjustments. 5. Parental attitudes seemed to have greater effect on children´s personal adjustment than on their social adjustment.